35 yr male with uncontrolled sugars

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I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of " patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.

A 35 years old male farmer by occupation presented with 


Chief complaints:

 Burning micturition since 1 year

Fever since 1 week 

vomitings 5 days ago.

HOPI:

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 1 week ago.Then he developed high grade fever which was insidious in onset, gradually progressive in nature, on and off fever , associated with sweats chills and rigors.Temperature raised during afternoon persisted till midnight and decrease after. No aggravating factors and relieved on medication . 

He also has a history of 4 -5 episodes of vomiting on each day(2 days) 5 days before admission to hospital . Vomitings had contents as food,non projectile,non blood stained ,non foul smelling and they are after intake of meal.  

H/o burning micturition since 1 year associated with white colour urine since 3 days.

H/o generalised weakness since December 2022 but it became severe 1 week ago where patient was unable to move. 

H/o constipation since 1 week ( last stool passed on 13/4/2023) .

H/o Anorexia since 5 days . 

No H/o fever rash,joint pain ,myalgia,dyspnea, palpitations, diarrhoea,blood in stools, pharyngitis.

No H/o decreased urine output ,increased frequency,increased urgency, hematuria.

No h/o fatigue, nausea, Anorexia, pruritus,altered sensorium ,hiccoughs. 

Past history:





K/c/o Diabetes mellitus since 4 months .

K/c/o Anemia since 4 months .

H/o urinary tract infection (December 2022) 

Not a known case of Hypertension, Asthma, thyroid disorders,TB, Epilepsy.

Personal history:

Diet mixed 

Appetite reduced 

Disturbed sleep  

Bladder - Burning micturition associated with white color urine 

Bowel movements - irregular 

Constipation from 9-4-2023 to  13-04-2023)  had less than 2 episodes of stools in week.

 Family history:

His father is one-sided paralysed. 

Treatment history:

Patient was on insulin (inj ) for several months but shifted to oral hypoglycemic agents before 1 month of admission at our hospital.

General examination:

Patient is conscious, coherent and co -operative ,lean

Pallor - present






Icterus- absent 

Clubbing - absent 

Cyanosis - absent 

lymphadenopathy - absent

Edema - absent  

Vitals: 

Temperature - 100.4 ° F

BP- 120/80 mm hg

PR - 73bpm

RR - 15cpm 

GRBS - 363 mg/dl.


Systemic examination: 

CNS: 

Higher mental functions- intact

Motor system -

                                         Right.                       Left

Bulk:                               Normal                    Normal

Tone:

Upper Limb.                   Normal.                   Normal

Lower Limb.                   Normal                   Normal 

Reflexes: biceps.             +.                              +   

                 Triceps.            +.                               +

                 Supinator.          +.                            +

                 Knee.                +.                             +

                 Ankle.                +                             +

                 Plantar             mute                    Mute

Sensory examination -

Spinothalamic tract   

 Crude touch                            Right          Left

Upper limb                          Normal        Normal

Lower limb                        Normal.        Normal 

Pain 

Upper limb                            Normal         Normal

Lower limb                            Normal.       Normal 

Temperature 

Upper limb                            Normal          Normal

Lower limb                           Normal.       Normal 

Posterior column tract 

Fine touch 

Upper limb                            Normal          Normal 

Lower limb                         Normal.         Normal 

Vibrations        Normal in upper and lower limbs 

Cortical Tract 

Tactile localisation 

Upper limb                            Normal          Normal 

Lower limb                          Normal.       Normal 

Stereognosis   -   Normal

meningeal signs absent

Per abdomen:

Inspection:

Shape of abdomen : flat

Umbilicus : inverted 

Movements of abdomen wall with respiration 

No visible peristalsis, pulsations, sinuses, engorged veins, hernial sites 


Palpation:

No local rise of temperature 

Inspectors findings are confirmed 

No tenderness

No palpable mass 

Liver and spleen not palpable 


 Percussion:

B/L resonance heard 

Auscultation:

Bowel sounds heard 

Respiratory system:

Inspection:

Trachea appears to be normal - Central 

shape of chest - elliptical 

Movements of chest appear to be bilaterally equal

No scars , sinuses present.

No drooping of shoulder

No engorged veins , swellings seen

No hallowing seen

No crowding of ribs


Palpation:

All inspectory findings are confirmed

No rise of temperature

No tenderness 

Trachea is central.

B/L chest movements are equal

No swelling and palpable masses are felt

B/l vocal fremitus are normal


Percussion:

B/L Resonant note heard in all regions.


Auscultation :

Normal vesicular breath sounds heard.


CVS examination :

Inspection: 

No raised JVP

The chest wall is bilaterally symmetrical

No dilated veins, scars or sinuses are seen

Apical impulse not seen 

Palpation:

Apex beat is felt in the fifth intercostal space, 1 cm medial to the midclavicular line

Auscultation:

S1 and S2 heard, no murmurs are heard 


Provisional diagnosis:

Uncontrolled sugars due to non compliance to medication.

with Anemia 


Investigations:


Hemogram:-

Hb:- 7.2-6.2-6.8

Pcv:- 22.5-20.4-22.5

TLC:- 22,800-14,480-9,500

RBC:- 3.3-2.89-3.16

Platelets:-4.2-3.47-4.0

RETICULOCYTE COUNT   :- 0.5

RFT :-

Blood urea:- 206-147-77

Sr creatinine:- 4.0-3.4-2.3

S.Na:- 131-139-137

S.K:- 4.7-4.0-3.8

S.Cl:- 95-104-106

Ionized Ca:- 1.04-1.08


LFT:-

Total bilirubin:- 1.04

Direct bilirubin:- 0.23

SGPT:- 14

SGOT:-11

ALP:- 284

TOTAL PROTEIN:- 8.0

Albumin :- 2.5

A/G ration:- 0.45  

24 hour URINARY ELECTROLYTES:-

Na:- 176 

Ca :- 297 

Phosphorous:-0.87 


Xray 



ECG 


GRBS on 14 /4/2023.

8 am 170 mg/dl 

10 am 140mg/dl

12 pm 102mg/dl 

6pm 160 mg/dl 

9pm 260mg/dl 


Follow up:


15/4/2023


S :
No fever spikes
Stools not passed
 
O: 

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative 
pallor - present 
No icterus , clubbing, cyanosis,lymphadenopathy ,edema 

Vitals : 

BP- 100/70mmhg
PR -94bpm 
RR- 22cpm
Spo2 100% at room air 
GRBS - 166mg/dl
Temperature 99.6F  
I/O :- 2000/1300ml

Cvs: s1,s2 heard ,no Murmurs,jvp not raised 

Rs: BAE,no added sounds ,NVBS, 

P/A: soft, non tender ,bowel sounds present 

CNS:
Pt is conscious,
Speech is normal
No meningeal signs
Normal cranial nerve examination, motor system, sensory system
Gcs: E4,V5,M6

 Reflexes:
   R L

B ++ ++

T ++ ++

S ++ ++

K ++ ++

A ++ ++

P Flexor Flexor  

A: 
Uncontrolled sugars secondary to non compliance to medication. 
with anemia (microcytic hypochromic) secondary to?
GI losses 
? Iron deficiency anemia 

P: 
1.IV fluids NS @ of 75 ml/hour ,RL @75 ml/hour 
2.INJ PIPTAZ 2.25G/IV/TID (DAY 2)
2.inj. HAI s/c tid (after informing ICU pg)
3. INJ NPH s/c BD (after informing ICU pg)
4.INJ Neomol 1gm/iv/sos(if temp > 102f)
6.Tab dolo 650 mg/po/sos(if temp >100)
7. Cap. Urimax PO/OD
8.tepid sponging
9.GRBS PROFILE
strict I/o charting 
10.Monitor vitals 
11.Inform sos

GRBS

12am-306mg/dl
2am-278mg/dl
4am-203mg/dl
8am-166mg/dl


16/4/23

2am-98

8am -140-

10am -257

12pm-288

4pm-303

8pm-237

10pm-295

17/4/23

12am-275

2am-210

4am-145 

8am-119

10am-199

2pm-187

4pm-157

8pm-121

10pm -188 




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